Lesson 2: Introduction to Operating Systems

Introduction

An operating system (OS) is the most important software on a computer. It acts as a bridge between the computer hardware and the user, managing resources and allowing other software to run.

What is an Operating System?

An operating system is software that controls the computer’s hardware. It provides a user interface, manages files, runs applications, and ensures the computer works efficiently. Without an OS, a computer cannot function.

Examples of Operating Systems

There are many operating systems available. Some of the most common include:

• Windows: Popular on most personal and office computers. It has a graphical interface that is easy to navigate.

• macOS: Used on Apple computers, known for its smooth design and reliability.

• Linux: A free and open-source OS often used in programming and servers.

Navigating the Operating System

The OS provides tools to help you interact with the computer:

• Desktop: The main screen where you see icons, shortcuts, and files.

• Taskbar / Dock: Helps you access programs and see running applications.

• Start Menu / Applications Folder: Lists all programs installed on your computer.

File Management

A key skill in ICT is managing files. File management allows you to store, locate, and organize data efficiently:

• Creating Folders: Folders help group related files together for easy access.

• Saving Files: Always save files in the right folder with clear names.

• Organizing Files: Use folders and subfolders to keep your data structured. For example, a folder “Week1_Practice” can contain all exercises from this lesson.

Conclusion

Learning to navigate an operating system and manage files is essential for working with any computer. This foundational skill makes all future ICT tasks easier and more efficient.