Lesson 1: Understanding Computers

Introduction

A computer is an electronic device that processes information. It allows us to perform tasks such as writing documents, browsing the internet, creating presentations, and storing data. Computers are made up of two main parts: hardware and software. Understanding these is the first step to becoming comfortable with ICT.

Hardware Components

Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can touch. These components work together to make the computer function. Key hardware parts include:

• CPU (Central Processing Unit): Often called the brain of the computer, the CPU processes all instructions and calculations.

• RAM (Random Access Memory): This is temporary memory that stores data while the computer is running programs. It allows your computer to work faster.

• Hard Drive (or SSD): This is permanent storage for your files, documents, photos, and software.

• Monitor: The screen that displays the output from the computer.

• Keyboard and Mouse: Input devices used to type commands and navigate the computer.

Software Components

Software refers to the programs and applications that run on a computer. Unlike hardware, software is intangible. Examples include:

• Operating Systems: These manage hardware and software resources (we will explore this in Lesson 2).

• Applications: Programs that perform specific tasks like word processing, browsing the internet, or creating presentations.

• Utilities: Tools that help maintain and optimize your computer, such as antivirus software.

Types of Computers

Computers come in different forms based on their size and purpose:

• Desktop: Usually stationary and used at a desk, suitable for home or office work.

• Laptop: Portable computers that combine all desktop components in a small device.

• Tablet: Touchscreen devices, smaller than laptops, used for reading, browsing, or simple tasks.

• Server: Powerful computers that store and manage data for multiple users, usually in organizations.

Conclusion

Understanding the parts of a computer helps you see how the machine works. Knowing the difference between hardware and software is essential before learning more advanced ICT skills.